This document provides a comprehensive description of the data collection process, instruments, data cleaning and analysis for the INTERACT study, to be used for future reference, manuscripts, and presentations.
The INTerventions, Equity, Research, and Action in Cities Team (INTERACT) is a pan-Canadian research collaboration of scientists, urban planners, public health officials, community partners, and engaged public uncovering how the design of our cities is shaping the health and well-being of all Canadians. Since 2017, INTERACT has developed and implemented mixed methods natural experiment studies together with partners, including cohort studies in four Canadian cities: the All Ages and Abilities Cycling Network in Victoria; the City Greenways Plan in Vancouver; the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Saskatoon; and the ecological transition and resilience policies that call for an array of greening, place-making, traffic-calming, and transportation interventions in Montreal. INTERACT was first established through a CIHR team grant and is co-led by three principal investigators: Yan Kestens (Université de Montréal), Meghan Winters (Simon Fraser University), and Daniel Fuller (University of Saskatchewan).
In 2021, INTERACT received CIHR Project Grant funding for an additional five years to continue work on its overarching goal, to evaluate the impact of built environment interventions on health and health equity. Building on our past work and reflecting the challenges cities face today, INTERACT aims to further action toward healthy cities, with greater attention to socio-political context, implementation, and equity.
The goals of the INTERACT program is to measure the impact of changes to sustainable transportation interventions in physical activity, social connectedness, and well-being, and inequities in these outcomes. Across all INTERACT study sites, we aim to:
Learn more at www.teaminteract.ca
In 2016, Vancouver, Victoria, and Saskatoon conducted a concept mapping exercise with city stakeholders on factors that contribute to the success of interventions. Results of this work has been published here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113383
In 2022, as part of INTERACT 2nd phase, a team of researchers is looking at how health and equity are considered in the planning and design of sustainable transportation interventions, through a policy document analysis and key informant interviews on whether equity and health were considered and how.
Results of this work was submitted for publication in 2024. Methods can be found on the INTERACT OneDrive: “INTERACT Policy Context”.
During the first phase of INTERACT, spatial data on interventions was collected locally. The catalogue of GISc layers available on Compute Canada is available here: https://teaminteract.ca/wp-content/uploads//2019/08/GIS_metadata.html
Several data sources were used for this; some are specific to each INTERACT site while others are from national or provincial data sets.
As part of INTERACT’s second phase, a team of researchers is mapping the socio-spatial patterning of interventions in the 4 INTERACT cities. Methods can be found on the INTERACT OneDrive: “INTERACT Objective 2 Socio-spatial patterning”
Victoria is building a network of safe connected bike routes across the entire city with the goal to support and encourage more people who live, work, and play in the city to ride bicycles. First starting the “minimum grid” in the downtown core - the place where most people do not want to cycle or are concerned about safety, the city built all ages and abilities bicycle infrastructure extending into every neighbourhood. By spring 2025, 95% of the city will be within 500 m of AAA cycling infrastructure.
Ethics Review and Approval
All procedures were approved by the Simon Fraser University Research Ethics Board [2017s0158].
Study Boundaries
Participants were eligible if they biked in the City of Victoria at least once a month. Therefore, many lived across the CRD, though recruitment activities primarily occurred in the City of Victoria.
| Study Instrument | Start date | End date |
|---|---|---|
| Health Survey | May 19, 2017 | Jan 1, 2018 |
| VERITAS | Oct 18, 2017 | Feb 15, 2018 |
| Sensedocs | May 30, 2017 | Nov 30, 2017 |
| Ethica | May 19, 2017 | Nov 30, 2017 |
In May 2017, the City completed the Pandora Avenue protected bike lane - the first 1.2 km of the planned AAA bicycle network. Source: https://www.victoria.ca/EN/main/residents/streets-transportation/walk-roll-transit/cycling/current-projects.html
2017: First segment of the AAA Bicycle Network on Pandora Ave Opens
2018: Johnson Street Bridge Opens
2018: Beacon Hill Connector Opens
2019: Fort St Opens
2020: Wharf St and Humboldt St Open
2021: Harbour Rd, Vancouver St, Graham St. Jackson St. Open
2022: Richardson St, Government St North, Kings-Haultain, Oaklands Connector, Fernwood Connector, Vancouver Connector Open
2022: Construction starts on Kimta Road, Dallas Rd East Multi-Use Path, Montreal St, Superior St, and Government St.
2023: Fort St East, 2.7 kilometre east-west connection from Cook Street to Foul Bay Road
Planned for 2023+ : Gorge Rd
People were eligible to participate if they 1) were an adult; 2) who lived in the Capital Region with no plans to move in the next two years; 3) biked at least once a month in the City of Victoria; and 4) understood English well enough to complete a 20-minute survey.
Sampling began on May 19, 2017 with a soft launch of INTERACT to 12 people who were known to the study coordinator. Five days later, the study opened officially. Recruitment began on April 30, 2017. Prior to the study portal opening, emails of interested participants were collected at recruitment events. Once sampling was officially underway, those interested were emailed with an invitation to join the study. Recruitment ended Oct 14, 2017.
Recruitment involved street marketing, attending community events, postering campaigns, email campaigns, snowball marketing, some traditional media, and social media. Street marketing included handing out cards or stickered lollipops to people on bikes at street lights and bike racks. We attended numerous community events with either a table or assisting with a bike valet. Events were general, such as community festivals, and also directed to the bicycling community (e.g., Bike to Work Week). In addition to attending over 20 events, we created two pop up events specifically to recruit for INTERACT. One morning we engaged with Crystal Pool patrons over coffee in the lobby to let them know about INTERACT. On another occasion we handed out free lemonade and popsicles on the Galloping Goose Regional Trail in order to engage potential participants for a longer than possible with street marketing tactics. To reinforce our branding, we put up 100 posters in coffee shops, libraries, on campus, at work place bike lockers, and in some bike stores in all neighbourhoods of the city. In some locations such as bike shops, we also had small buckets of lollipops that were stickered with our branding. Email invitations to participate were sent to people who had provided their email prior to the study opening, either online or on manual lists collected at festivals. Additional emails were sent by third parties at several workplaces and through personal contacts of the study coordinator. We paid for a print ad in the local Times Colonist newspaper and also had three interviews on Talk Radio throughout the recruitment period. Finally, we ran targeted Facebook ads and campaigns aimed at bolstering less represented participants, such as lower income and younger adults.
Participants received a $10 Amazon.ca gift certificate upon completion of both the Health and VERITAS surveys. Participants received $10 Amazon.ca gift certificate after wearing the Sensedoc accelerometer for 10 days or using the Ethica app for 30 days. We also held a prize draw for a $600 gift certificate to the Sooke Harbour House to wrap up recruitment. All participants were eligible for the draw.
All participants provided consent via online or a hard copy form before answering any questions on the survey platform.
Participants first completed the eligibility questionnaire to ensure they met the criteria to participate in the longitudinal study (see inclusion/exclusion criteria). In this questionnaire, participants could choose the participation option for that wave:
1 | Full participation: Surveys, smartphone app, and wearable sensor
2 | Partial participation : Surveys and a smartphone app
3 | Partial participation : Surveys and a wearable sensor
4 | Basic participation: Surveys
The INTERACT Health Questionnaire is made up of core questions, asked across all sites and local questions, driven by city partner needs. Core questions focus on INTERACT’s key health outcomes: physical activity, social participation, and well-being. The core questionnaire also includes questions on socio-demographic data, general health, use of activity monitors, housing type, and neighbourhood.
Health questions can be found here: https://teaminteract.ca/ressources/INTERACT_datadict.html#health_questionnaire_title
The VERITAS questionnaire collects spatial and social information on participants.
Time Reference: Participants were asked about the places they visited “At least once a month”
VERITAS questions can be found here: https://teaminteract.ca/ressources/INTERACT_datadict.html#veritas_questionnaire_title
The Ethica app gathers data from the embedded sensors of participant smartphones to provide information about daily mobility (GPS and Wi-Fi) and physical activity (accelerometer and gyroscope). It also occasionally prompts participants with short survey questions (EMA). The app also collects data about phones’ battery status. The data are collected for 1 minute every 5 minutes.
Au automated email was sent to participants with instructions on downloading Ethica.
The Ethica study was #212. The Ethica app captured:
GPS
WiFI
Accelerometer
Activity Recognition
Pedometer
Battery
Gyroscope
EMA surveys
EMA surveys were programmed in Victoria, wave 1 to keep the app awake. Questions were asked twice a day and were about the mode transportation used. There were no well-being, mood questions.
CAUTION For Accelerometry: Ethica had set the observation time for Androids to 5 seconds, instead of 1 min. See TDT and GitHub for more.
The SenseDoc is a multisensor device used for mobility (GPS) and physical activity (accelerometer) tracking in the INTERACT study. Participants are asked to where the device for 10 consecutive days, from the moment they wake up to the moment they go to bed. They are given a form to track wear time each day. The location data in the SenseDoc are provided by a GPS receiver at 1Hz, continuously as long as the device was charged and on. The accelerometer is programable and was set to measure at 50Hz continuously.
| status | Eligibility | Health | Veritas | Ethica | SenseDoc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New participant | 307 | 281 | 167 | 154 | 155 |
| Total | 307 | 281 | 167 | 154 | 155 |
| Study Instrument | Start date | End date |
|---|---|---|
| Health Survey | June 3, 2019 | Nov 29, 2019 |
| VERITAS | June 3, 2019 | Nov 29, 2019 |
| Sensedocs | June 7, 2019 | Nov 20, 2019 |
| Ethica | June 5, 2019 | Nov 26, 2019 |
In March 2018, Johnson St bridge opened; the Beacon Hill Connector also opened in 2018. In May 2018, the second segment of the AAA network opened on Fort St. In August 2019, Wharf Street, Humboldt Street AAA segments opened.
People were eligible to participate if they 1) were an adult; 2) who lived in the Capital Region with no plans to move in the next two years; 3) biked at least once a month in the City of Victoria; and 4) understood English well enough to complete a 20-minute survey. Returning participants were eligible if they still lived in the Capital Regional District.
Soft launch of select returning W1 and new W2 participants began on June 3, 2019. Remaining returning participants invited in waves beginning June 4, 2019 and completed by June 11, 2019.
We attended the following events for recruitment opportunities. We gathered email addresses to enable inviting participants multiple times to join the study.
In addition, we created a pop up on the Galloping Goose south of the Selkirk Trestle that went from 7:30 to 11:30 am to engage with both morning commuters and those out for recreation. Coffee and cookies were offered to people who stopped or simply walked by. We gathered email addresses and handed out small cards with study information.
Community partners sharing information was a successful strategy for recruiting new participants. In particular, Bike to Work Week shared a short article on the study in their online newsletter and the Vancouver Island Health Authority shared the study to their staff by email, both resulting in many new participants.
Participants received a $10 Amazon.ca gift certificate upon completion of both the Health and VERITAS surveys. Participants received $10 Amazon.ca gift certificate after wearing the Sensedoc accelerometer for 10 days or using the Ethica app for 30 days.
New participants provided consent via online or a hard copy form before answering any questions on the survey platform. Returning participants were not asked to re-consent.
Participants first completed the eligibility questionnaire to ensure they met the criteria to participate in the longitudinal study (see inclusion/exclusion criteria). In this questionnaire, new and returning participants could choose the participation option for that wave:
1 | Full participation: Surveys, smartphone app, and wearable sensor
2 | Partial participation : Surveys and a smartphone app
3 | Partial participation : Surveys and a wearable sensor
4 | Basic participation: Surveys
The INTERACT Health Questionnaire is made up of core questions, asked across all sites and local questions, driven by city partner needs. Core questions focus on INTERACT’s key health outcomes: physical activity, social participation, and well-being. The core questionnaire also includes questions on socio-demographic data, general health, use of activity monitors, housing type, and neighbourhood. Health questions can be found here: https://teaminteract.ca/ressources/INTERACT_datadict.html#health_questionnaire_title
Questions were the same for new and returning participants, with some exceptions: i.e. demographic information that does not change (for ex. whether they were born in Canada) was not asked to returning participants.
The VERITAS questionnaire collects spatial and social information on participants.
Returning participants who had completed Veritas at Wave 1 received a pre-seeded survey with their answers from w1. They were first asked to review the people in their social network, then were asked to review places they visited. To do this: they were shown the seeded places from w1, and asked whether they still visited that place and to update the place form. They were then asked about other or new locations they visited at least once a month.
Participants who reported moving between W1 and W2 were given an empty VERITAS.
Time Reference: Participants were asked about the places they visited “At least once a month”
VERITAS questions can be found here: https://teaminteract.ca/ressources/INTERACT_datadict.html#veritas_questionnaire_title
The Ethica app gathers data from the embedded sensors of participant smartphones to provide information about daily mobility (GPS and Wi-Fi) and physical activity (accelerometer and gyroscope). It also occasionally prompts participants with short survey questions (EMA). The app also collects data about phones’ battery status. The data are collected for 1 minute every 5 minutes.
Au automated email was sent to participants with instructions on downloading Ethica.
The Ethica study was #730. The Ethica app captured:
GPS
WiFI
Accelerometer
Activity Recognition
Pedometer
Battery
EMA surveys: Questions on where participant’s phone was located (pocket, table, bag, etc), mood questions, mode used for the first trip of the day, and encouraging messages.
The SenseDoc is a multisensor device used for mobility (GPS) and physical activity (accelerometer) tracking in the INTERACT study. Participants are asked to where the device for 10 consecutive days, from the moment they wake up to the moment they go to bed. They are given a form to track wear time each day. The location data in the SenseDoc are provided by a GPS receiver at 1Hz, continuously as long as the device was charged and on. The accelerometer is programable and was set to measure at 50Hz continuously.
| status | Eligibility | Health | Veritas | Ethica | SenseDoc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New participant | 142 | 123 | 88 | 57 | 50 |
| Returning participant | 173 | 164 | 94 | 80 | 79 |
| Total | 315 | 287 | 182 | 137 | 129 |
| Study Instrument | Start date | End date |
|---|---|---|
| Health Survey | May 3, 2021 | Oct 13, 2021 |
| VERITAS | May 3, 2021 | Oct 13, 2021 |
| Sensedocs | May 3, 2021 | Oct 13, 2021 |
| Ethica | May 3, 2021 | Oct 13, 2021 |
Advisory bike lanes and a shared-use neighbourhood bikeway on Humboldt opened in August 2020.Harbour Road opened in September 2020, and an off-street path on Dallas Road opened in October 2020. Graham/Jackson opens in April 2021; Vancouver St. in May 2021. Source: https://www.victoria.ca/EN/main/residents/streets-transportation/walk-roll-transit/cycling/current-projects.html
Data collection occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic context. A timeline of sanitary measures in place is available: https://teaminteract.ca/ressources/Covid_restrictions_timeline_vic_w3.pdf
People were eligible to participate if they 1) were an adult; 2) who lived in the Capital Region with no plans to move in the next two years; 3) biked at least once a month in the City of Victoria; and 4) understood English well enough to complete a 20-minute survey. Returning participants were eligible if they still lived in the Capital Regional District.
Recruitment started in early May as a soft launch with an email to existing participants. We used the following channels for recruitment: INTERACT newsletter and email campaigns to returning participants from W1 and W2, postcards at biking events (i.e. Spring Go By Bike leader kits), Facebook ads, and participation at community events (i.e. Table at Oaklands Market, Fall Go by Bike at Celebration Stations)
The team started an INTERACT Instagram account for Victoria, which was a way to make organic community connections, but did not directly lead to new participants. For ex, through our presence on Instagram, we connected with Queer Bike Prom which led to approx. 10 participants.
In September, we mailed 100 bookmarks and a letter from Meghan Winters to participants from W1 + W2 and W2 participants who had not yet rejoined the study yet. Six participants returned to the study this way.
Participants received a $10 e-gift certificate to a local retailer upon completion of both the Health and VERITAS surveys. Participants received $10 e-gift certificate to a local retailer gift certificate after wearing the Sensedoc accelerometer for 10 days or using the Ethica app for 30 days.
New participants provided consent via online or a hard copy form before answering any questions on the survey platform. Returning participants were not asked to re-consent.
Participants first completed the eligibility questionnaire to ensure they met the criteria to participate in the longitudinal study (see inclusion/exclusion criteria). In this questionnaire, new and returning participants could choose the participation option for that wave:
1 | Full participation: Surveys, smartphone app, and wearable sensor
2 | Partial participation : Surveys and a smartphone app
3 | Partial participation : Surveys and a wearable sensor
4 | Basic participation: Surveys
The INTERACT Health Questionnaire is made up of core questions, asked across all sites and local questions, driven by city partner needs. Core questions focus on INTERACT’s key health outcomes: physical activity, social participation, and well-being. The core questionnaire also includes questions on socio-demographic data, general health, use of activity monitors, housing type, and neighbourhood. Health questions can be found here: https://teaminteract.ca/ressources/INTERACT_datadict.html#health_questionnaire_title
Questions were the same for new and returning participants, with some exceptions: i.e. demographic information that does not change (for ex. whether they were born in Canada) was not asked to returning participants.
The VERITAS questionnaire collects spatial and social information on participants.
Returning participants who had completed Veritas at Wave 1 or 2 received a pre-seeded survey with their answers from W1 and or W2. They were first asked to review the people in their social network, then were asked to review places they visited. To do this: they were shown the seeded places from w1 and/or w2, and asked whether they still visited that place and to update the place form. They were then asked about other or new locations they visited at least once a month.
Participants who reported moving between W2 and W3 were given an empty VERITAS.
Time Reference: Participants were asked about the places they visited “At least once in the past month”
VERITAS questions can be found here: https://teaminteract.ca/ressources/INTERACT_datadict.html#veritas_questionnaire_title
The Ethica app gathers data from the embedded sensors of participant smartphones to provide information about daily mobility (GPS and Wi-Fi) and physical activity (accelerometer and gyroscope). It also occasionally prompts participants with short survey questions (EMA). The app also collects data about phones’ battery status. The data are collected for 1 minute every 5 minutes.
Au automated email was sent to participants with instructions on downloading Ethica.
The Ethica study was #1655. The Ethica app captured:
GPS
WiFI
Accelerometer
Activity Recognition
Pedometer
Battery
EMA surveys: Questions on where participant’s phone was located (pocket, table, bag, etc), mood questions, mode used for the first trip of the day, and encouraging messages.
The SenseDoc is a multisensor device used for mobility (GPS) and physical activity (accelerometer) tracking in the INTERACT study. Participants are asked to where the device for 10 consecutive days, from the moment they wake up to the moment they go to bed. They are given a form to track wear time each day. The location data in the SenseDoc are provided by a GPS receiver at 1Hz, continuously as long as the device was charged and on. The accelerometer is programable and was set to measure at 50Hz continuously.
| status | Eligibility | Health | Veritas | Ethica | SenseDoc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New participant | 125 | 95 | 62 | 36 | 18 |
| Returning participant | 180 | 165 | 104 | 86 | 71 |
| Total | 305 | 260 | 166 | 122 | 89 |
| Study Instrument | Start date | End date |
|---|---|---|
| Health Survey | June 29, 2024 | Oct 6, 2024 |
| VERITAS | June 29, 2024 | Oct 6, 2024 |
| Sensedocs | July 10, 2024 | Dec 5, 2024 |
| Ethica | June 29, 2024 | Nov 29, 2024 |
The Gorge and Blanshard projects are both underway and anticipated to be complete in spring 2025. Shelbourne is now complete.
People were eligible to participate if they 1) were an adult; 2) who lived in the Capital Region; 3) biked at least once a month in the City of Victoria; and 4) understood English well enough to complete a 20-minute survey. The eligibility condition for people to not have plans to move in the next two years was removed at wave 4, since this wave was announced as the final wave of the INTERACT study. Returning participants were eligible if they still lived in the Capital Regional District.
Recruitment began in June 2024. Returning participants were invited to rejoin the study at this wave by email, texts, and phone calls.
For new participants, we used the following approaches:
Social media: We used the INTERACT Facebook page for promotion and programmed paid ads on Meta. Meta ads were very effective in Victoria, potentially because of very engaged commenter community reaching people interested in cycling. Cycling groups/advocates also posted about the study natively on their pages.
Snowball Recruitment: Refer a friend campaigns encouraged current participants to share details about the study with their peers for bonus entries to the prize draw. This year, participants who referred a friend who completed at least the health survey could receive a $10 giftcard; for a maximum of $20 in giftcards.
ReachBC: A platform of volunteers keen to participate in research studies. Volunteers complete a profile with interest areas and the system algorithm curates studies for the volunteer to review. Volunteers interested in INTERACT press a button to express interest that displays the volunteer’s contact information in the study dashboard.
Participants were entered into a lottery for a chance to win their choice of: + One $500 giftcard to the retailer of their choice or + One of 5 $100 giftcards to the retailer of their choice
In 2024, we changed the participant flow from prior waves. Instead of asking participants up front about how many activities they wanted to participate in, we presented all options, and gradually invited people to join the optional activities. All study activities, except the health questionnaire were presented as optional. The study activities were:
1 | Health Questionnaire: minimum participation
2 | VERITAS Questionnaire: optional map-based survey. Participants were invited to start VERITAS right away, at the end of the health questionnaire on the Polygon platform. If they said no, they received an email 3-days later with details about VERITAS and a link to begin that survey.
3 | Avicenna (formerly Ethica): a GPS and PA tracking app. Participants were asked whether they were interested in knowing more about the Avicenna app at the end of the health questionnaire, on the Polygon platform. If yes, they received an email 5 minutes later with information on how to download the app. Coordinators sent manual reminders to people who indicated they were interested in Avicenna, but had not yet signed up.
All participants provided consent via online form before answering any questions on the survey platform.
Participants first completed the eligibility questionnaire to ensure they met the criteria to participate in the longitudinal study (see inclusion/exclusion criteria).
The INTERACT Health Questionnaire is made up of core questions, asked across all sites and local questions, driven by city partner needs. Core questions focus on INTERACT’s key health outcomes: physical activity, social participation, and well-being. The core questionnaire also includes questions on socio-demographic data, general health, use of activity monitors, housing type, and neighbourhood. Health questions can be found here: https://teaminteract.ca/ressources/INTERACT_datadict.html#health_questionnaire_title
Questions were the same for new and returning participants, with some exceptions: i.e. demographic information that does not change (for ex. whether they were born in Canada) was not asked to returning participants.
Key changes at w4 were:
The core INTERACT questions were reduced, compared to prior Victoria waves, to align with the streamlined health survey implemented in 2022 in other study cities.
The Victoria-specific questions were very lightly modified:
More AAA street segments were added to
vic_roads_x.
3 new questions about cycling, at the request of city partners:
bike_theft, bike_moti and
bike_help_more
All questions referencing covid-19 were removed.
Flags / Issues
group_id (ethnicity question) was mistakenly asked to
returning participants. This means we may have conflicting information
from the first time they completed an INTERACT questionnaire.The VERITAS questionnaire collects spatial information on participants.
Returning participants who had completed Veritas at Wave 1 received a pre-seeded survey with their answers from w1, w2 and w3. They were shown the seeded places from w1, w2 and w3, and asked whether they still visited that place and to update the place form. They were then asked about other or new locations they visited at least once in the past month.
Participants who reported moving between W1/W2/w3 and W4 were given an empty VERITAS.
Time Reference: Participants were asked about the places they visited “At least once in the past month”
VERITAS questions can be found here: https://teaminteract.ca/ressources/INTERACT_datadict.html#veritas_questionnaire_title
The Avicenna app gathers data from the embedded sensors of participant smartphones to provide information about daily mobility (GPS and Wi-Fi) and physical activity (accelerometer and gyroscope). It also occasionally prompts participants with short survey questions (EMA). The app also collects data about phones’ battery status. The data are collected for 1 minute every 5 minutes.
Au email was sent to participants with instructions on how to download Ethica.
The Ethica study was #3729. The Ethica app captured:
GPS
WiFI
Accelerometer
Activity Recognition
Pedometer
Battery
EMA surveys: Questions on where participant’s phone was located (pocket, table, bag, etc), mood questions, mode used for the first trip of the day, fun facts, and encouraging messages.
EMA questions and schedule : https://teaminteract.ca/ressources/INTERACT_datadict.html#ema_title
The SenseDoc is a multisensor device used for mobility (GPS) and physical activity (accelerometer) tracking in the INTERACT study. Participants are asked to where the device for 10 consecutive days, from the moment they wake up to the moment they go to bed. They are given a form to track wear time each day. The location data in the SenseDoc are provided by a GPS receiver at 1Hz, continuously as long as the device was charged and on. The accelerometer is programable and was set to measure at 50Hz continuously.
Flags: SenseDoc Configuration Change At w2 and w3, SenseDocs were being configured at a 5 s sampling rate on GPS, instead of 1 s, resulting in missing over 80% of the expected data points. We realized this issue in 2024, after about a dozen participants contributed data at w4. We corrected the configuration from that point on to 1-s sampling. Participants who had not contributed data with the 5-second GPS configuration were not resampled.
| status | Eligibility | Health | Veritas | Ethica | SenseDoc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New participant | 239 | 146 | 50 | 29 | 43 |
| Returning participant | 229 | 206 | 65 | 55 | 53 |
| Total | 468 | 352 | 115 | 84 | 96 |